مطعم الحيّ

在许多城市的老社区里，住着很多一个人生活的老人。

Zài (fourth tone, falling) xǔduō (third tone, dipping) chéngshì (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) lǎo (third tone, dipping) shèqū (fourth tone, falling) li, (neutral tone) zhù (fourth tone, falling) zhe (neutral tone) hěn (third tone, dipping) duō (first tone, high and level) yí (second tone, rising) ge (neutral tone) rén (second tone, rising) shēnghuó (first tone, high and level) de (neutral tone) lǎorén. (third tone, dipping)

في الأحياء القديمة من مدن كثيرة يعيش عدد كبير من كبار السنّ وحدهم.

他们的子女在外地工作，平时很少回家，每天的三顿饭成了这些老人最头疼的问题。

Tāmen (first tone, high and level) de (neutral tone) zǐnǚ (third tone, dipping) zài (fourth tone, falling) wàidì (fourth tone, falling) gōngzuò, (first tone, high and level) píngshí (second tone, rising) hěn (third tone, dipping) shǎo (third tone, dipping) huí (second tone, rising) jiā, (first tone, high and level) měi (third tone, dipping) tiān (first tone, high and level) de (neutral tone) sān (first tone, high and level) dùn (fourth tone, falling) fàn (fourth tone, falling) chéng (second tone, rising) le (neutral tone) zhèxiē (fourth tone, falling) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) zuì (fourth tone, falling) tóuténg (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) wèntí. (fourth tone, falling)

أبناؤهم يعملون في مدن أخرى ونادرًا ما يعودون إلى البيت، فصارت الوجبات الثلاث اليومية أكبر همّ لهؤلاء المسنّين.

自己做饭吧，年纪大了，买菜、洗菜都不方便，一个人吃的菜又不好掌握分量，常常一顿饭要吃好几天；

Zìjǐ (fourth tone, falling) zuòfàn (fourth tone, falling) ba, (neutral tone) niánjì (second tone, rising) dà (fourth tone, falling) le, (neutral tone) mǎi (third tone, dipping) cài, (fourth tone, falling) xǐ (third tone, dipping) cài (fourth tone, falling) dōu (first tone, high and level) bù (fourth tone, falling) fāngbiàn, (first tone, high and level) yí (second tone, rising) ge (neutral tone) rén (second tone, rising) chī (first tone, high and level) de (neutral tone) cài (fourth tone, falling) yòu (fourth tone, falling) bù (fourth tone, falling) hǎo (third tone, dipping) zhǎngwò (third tone, dipping) fènliàng, (fourth tone, falling) chángcháng (second tone, rising) yí (second tone, rising) dùn (fourth tone, falling) fàn (fourth tone, falling) yào (fourth tone, falling) chī (first tone, high and level) hǎo (third tone, dipping) jǐ (third tone, dipping) tiān; (first tone, high and level)

أيطبخون بأنفسهم؟ مع التقدّم في السنّ يصبح شراء الخضار وغسلها متعبًا، ويصعب تقدير الكمّية لشخص واحد، فكثيرًا ما تكفي الوجبة الواحدة عدّة أيّام؛

去饭馆吃吧，价格比较高，口味也往往太重，不适合老人。

Qù (fourth tone, falling) fànguǎn (fourth tone, falling) chī (first tone, high and level) ba, (neutral tone) jiàgé (fourth tone, falling) bǐjiào (third tone, dipping) gāo, (first tone, high and level) kǒuwèi (third tone, dipping) yě (third tone, dipping) wǎngwǎng (third tone, dipping) tài (fourth tone, falling) zhòng, (fourth tone, falling) bú (second tone, rising) shìhé (fourth tone, falling) lǎorén. (third tone, dipping)

أيأكلون في المطعم؟ الأسعار مرتفعة نسبيًا، والطعام غالبًا ثقيل المذاق لا يناسب كبار السنّ.

为了解决这个问题，近几年，一些城市开始在社区里办起了“社区食堂”。

Wèile (fourth tone, falling) jiějué (third tone, dipping) zhè (fourth tone, falling) ge (neutral tone) wèntí, (fourth tone, falling) jìn (fourth tone, falling) jǐ (third tone, dipping) nián, (second tone, rising) yìxiē (fourth tone, falling) chéngshì (second tone, rising) kāishǐ (first tone, high and level) zài (fourth tone, falling) shèqū (fourth tone, falling) li (neutral tone) bàn (fourth tone, falling) qǐ (third tone, dipping) le (neutral tone) “shèqū (fourth tone, falling) shítáng”. (second tone, rising)

ولحلّ هذه المشكلة، بدأت بعض المدن في السنوات الأخيرة بفتح «مطاعم الأحياء» داخل التجمّعات السكنية.

记者访问了其中的一家。

Jìzhě (fourth tone, falling) fǎngwèn (third tone, dipping) le (neutral tone) qízhōng (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) yì (fourth tone, falling) jiā. (first tone, high and level)

زار مراسلنا أحدها.

食堂在一栋楼的一层，面积不大，摆着十几张桌子，墙上的黑板上写着当天的菜单：两个肉菜、三个蔬菜，还有一个汤。

Shítáng (second tone, rising) zài (fourth tone, falling) yí (second tone, rising) dòng (fourth tone, falling) lóu (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) yì (fourth tone, falling) céng, (second tone, rising) miànji (fourth tone, falling) bú (second tone, rising) dà, (fourth tone, falling) bǎi (third tone, dipping) zhe (neutral tone) shíjǐ (second tone, rising) zhāng (first tone, high and level) zhuōzi, (first tone, high and level) qiáng (second tone, rising) shang (neutral tone) de (neutral tone) hēibǎn (first tone, high and level) shang (neutral tone) xiě (third tone, dipping) zhe (neutral tone) dàngtiān (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) càidān: (fourth tone, falling) liǎng (third tone, dipping) ge (neutral tone) ròucài, (fourth tone, falling) sān (first tone, high and level) ge (neutral tone) shūcài, (first tone, high and level) hái (second tone, rising) yǒu (third tone, dipping) yí (second tone, rising) ge (neutral tone) tāng. (first tone, high and level)

يقع المطعم في الطابق الأرضي من مبنى، وهو صغير المساحة فيه نحو عشر طاولات، وعلى السبّورة المعلّقة على الجدار قائمة اليوم: طبقان من اللحم، وثلاثة من الخضار، وحساء.

每份饭菜的价格比外面的饭馆便宜不少，七十岁以上的老人还能享受优惠。

Měi (third tone, dipping) fèn (fourth tone, falling) fàncài (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) jiàgé (fourth tone, falling) bǐ (third tone, dipping) wàimiàn (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) fànguǎn (fourth tone, falling) piányi (second tone, rising) bù (fourth tone, falling) shǎo, (third tone, dipping) qīshí (first tone, high and level) suì (fourth tone, falling) yǐshàng (third tone, dipping) de (neutral tone) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) hái (second tone, rising) néng (second tone, rising) xiǎngshòu (third tone, dipping) yōuhuì. (first tone, high and level)

سعر الوجبة أرخص بكثير من مطاعم الخارج، ويحصل من تجاوزوا السبعين على خصم إضافي.

中午十一点不到，食堂里就已经坐满了人。

Zhōngwǔ (first tone, high and level) shíyī (second tone, rising) diǎn (third tone, dipping) bú (second tone, rising) dào, (fourth tone, falling) shítáng (second tone, rising) li (neutral tone) jiù (fourth tone, falling) yǐjīng (third tone, dipping) zuò (fourth tone, falling) mǎn (third tone, dipping) le (neutral tone) rén. (second tone, rising)

لم تبلغ الساعة الحادية عشرة ظهرًا بعد، وقد امتلأ المطعم بالناس.

排队的人中，大多数头发已经白了，也有几位是带着孩子来吃饭的年轻父母。

Páiduì (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) rén (second tone, rising) zhōng, (first tone, high and level) dàduōshù (fourth tone, falling) tóufa (second tone, rising) yǐjīng (third tone, dipping) bái (second tone, rising) le, (neutral tone) yě (third tone, dipping) yǒu (third tone, dipping) jǐ (third tone, dipping) wèi (fourth tone, falling) shì (fourth tone, falling) dài (fourth tone, falling) zhe (neutral tone) háizi (second tone, rising) lái (second tone, rising) chīfàn (first tone, high and level) de (neutral tone) niánqīng (second tone, rising) fùmǔ. (fourth tone, falling)

معظم الواقفين في الطابور شابت رؤوسهم، وبينهم أيضًا بعض الآباء والأمّهات الشباب الذين جاؤوا مع أطفالهم.

七十六岁的王奶奶几乎每天都来，她说：“饭菜软一些、淡一些，正适合我的口味。更重要的是，这里有人跟我说说话。”

Qīshíliù (first tone, high and level) suì (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) Wáng (second tone, rising) nǎinai (third tone, dipping) jīhū (first tone, high and level) měi (third tone, dipping) tiān (first tone, high and level) dōu (first tone, high and level) lái, (second tone, rising) tā (first tone, high and level) shuō: (first tone, high and level) “Fàncài (fourth tone, falling) ruǎn (third tone, dipping) yìxiē, (fourth tone, falling) dàn (fourth tone, falling) yìxiē, (fourth tone, falling) zhèng (fourth tone, falling) shìhé (fourth tone, falling) wǒ (third tone, dipping) de (neutral tone) kǒuwèi. (third tone, dipping) Gèng (fourth tone, falling) zhòngyào (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) shì, (fourth tone, falling) zhèli (fourth tone, falling) yǒu (third tone, dipping) rén (second tone, rising) gēn (first tone, high and level) wǒ (third tone, dipping) shuōshuo (first tone, high and level) huà.” (fourth tone, falling)

تأتي الجدّة وانغ، ذات الستّة والسبعين عامًا، كلّ يوم تقريبًا، وتقول: «الطعام أليَن وأخفّ، وهو يناسب ذوقي تمامًا. والأهمّ أنّ هنا من يتحدّث معي.»

她告诉记者，以前子女不在身边，她常常一整天都不说一句话，晚上只能一个人对着电视坐到很晚。

Tā (first tone, high and level) gàosu (fourth tone, falling) jìzhě, (fourth tone, falling) yǐqián (third tone, dipping) zǐnǚ (third tone, dipping) bú (second tone, rising) zài (fourth tone, falling) shēnbiān, (first tone, high and level) tā (first tone, high and level) chángcháng (second tone, rising) yì (fourth tone, falling) zhěng (third tone, dipping) tiān (first tone, high and level) dōu (first tone, high and level) bù (fourth tone, falling) shuō (first tone, high and level) yí (second tone, rising) jù (fourth tone, falling) huà, (fourth tone, falling) wǎnshang (third tone, dipping) zhǐnéng (third tone, dipping) yí (second tone, rising) ge (neutral tone) rén (second tone, rising) duìzhe (fourth tone, falling) diànshì (fourth tone, falling) zuò (fourth tone, falling) dào (fourth tone, falling) hěn (third tone, dipping) wǎn. (third tone, dipping)

أخبرت مراسلنا أنّها في الماضي، وأبناؤها بعيدون عنها، كثيرًا ما كانت تقضي يومًا كاملًا دون أن تنطق بكلمة، وفي المساء لا تجد إلّا أن تجلس وحدها أمام التلفاز حتّى وقت متأخّر.

原来，对许多老人来说，社区食堂不仅是一个吃饭的地方，也是一个交朋友的地方。

Yuánlái, (second tone, rising) duì (fourth tone, falling) xǔduō (third tone, dipping) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) lái (second tone, rising) shuō, (first tone, high and level) shèqū (fourth tone, falling) shítáng (second tone, rising) bùjǐn (fourth tone, falling) shì (fourth tone, falling) yí (second tone, rising) ge (neutral tone) chīfàn (first tone, high and level) de (neutral tone) dìfang, (fourth tone, falling) yě (third tone, dipping) shì (fourth tone, falling) yí (second tone, rising) ge (neutral tone) jiāo (first tone, high and level) péngyou (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) dìfang. (fourth tone, falling)

تبيّن إذن أنّ مطعم الحيّ بالنسبة إلى كثير من المسنّين ليس مكانًا للأكل فحسب، بل مكان لتكوين الصداقات أيضًا.

吃完饭，大家常常坐在一起聊一会儿天，交流一下最近的新闻，有时还会说好下午一起去公园散步。

Chī (first tone, high and level) wán (second tone, rising) fàn, (fourth tone, falling) dàjiā (fourth tone, falling) chángcháng (second tone, rising) zuò (fourth tone, falling) zài (fourth tone, falling) yìqǐ (fourth tone, falling) liáo (second tone, rising) yíhuìr (second tone, rising) tiān, (first tone, high and level) jiāoliú (first tone, high and level) yíxià (second tone, rising) zuìjìn (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) xīnwén, (first tone, high and level) yǒushí (third tone, dipping) hái (second tone, rising) huì (fourth tone, falling) shuō (first tone, high and level) hǎo (third tone, dipping) xiàwǔ (fourth tone, falling) yìqǐ (fourth tone, falling) qù (fourth tone, falling) gōngyuán (first tone, high and level) sànbù. (fourth tone, falling)

بعد الأكل كثيرًا ما يجلسون معًا يتحدّثون قليلًا، ويتبادلون آخر الأخبار، وأحيانًا يتّفقون على التنزّه في الحديقة بعد الظهر.

食堂的工作人员也会注意老人们的情况：如果某位常来的老人连续两天没有出现，他们就会给老人或者他的家人打个电话，问问是怎么回事。

Shítáng (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) gōngzuò (first tone, high and level) rényuán (second tone, rising) yě (third tone, dipping) huì (fourth tone, falling) zhùyì (fourth tone, falling) lǎorénmen (third tone, dipping) de (neutral tone) qíngkuàng: (second tone, rising) rúguǒ (second tone, rising) mǒu (third tone, dipping) wèi (fourth tone, falling) cháng (second tone, rising) lái (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) liánxù (second tone, rising) liǎng (third tone, dipping) tiān (first tone, high and level) méiyǒu (second tone, rising) chūxiàn, (first tone, high and level) tāmen (first tone, high and level) jiù (fourth tone, falling) huì (fourth tone, falling) gěi (third tone, dipping) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) huòzhě (fourth tone, falling) tā (first tone, high and level) de (neutral tone) jiārén (first tone, high and level) dǎ (third tone, dipping) ge (neutral tone) diànhuà, (fourth tone, falling) wènwen (fourth tone, falling) shì (fourth tone, falling) zěnme (third tone, dipping) huí (second tone, rising) shì. (fourth tone, falling)

ويهتمّ العاملون أيضًا بأحوال المسنّين: فإذا غاب أحد الزبائن الدائمين يومين متتاليين اتّصلوا به أو بأسرته ليسألوا عمّا حدث.

一位负责人说，有一次正是因为这样一个电话，一位在家里摔伤了的老人及时得到了帮助。

Yí (second tone, rising) wèi (fourth tone, falling) fùzérén (fourth tone, falling) shuō, (first tone, high and level) yǒu (third tone, dipping) yí (second tone, rising) cì (fourth tone, falling) zhèng (fourth tone, falling) shì (fourth tone, falling) yīnwèi (first tone, high and level) zhèyàng (fourth tone, falling) yí (second tone, rising) ge (neutral tone) diànhuà, (fourth tone, falling) yí (second tone, rising) wèi (fourth tone, falling) zài (fourth tone, falling) jiāli (first tone, high and level) shuāishāng (first tone, high and level) le (neutral tone) de (neutral tone) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) jíshí (second tone, rising) dédào (second tone, rising) le (neutral tone) bāngzhù. (first tone, high and level)

قال أحد المسؤولين إنّ مكالمة كهذه بالذات كانت سببًا في أن يتلقّى مسنّ سقط وأُصيب في بيته المساعدة في الوقت المناسب.

当然，社区食堂的发展也面临着不少困难。

Dāngrán, (first tone, high and level) shèqū (fourth tone, falling) shítáng (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) fāzhǎn (first tone, high and level) yě (third tone, dipping) miànlín (fourth tone, falling) zhe (neutral tone) bù (fourth tone, falling) shǎo (third tone, dipping) kùnnan. (fourth tone, falling)

بالطبع، تواجه مطاعم الأحياء صعوبات غير قليلة.

由于价格低，许多食堂的收入只能勉强维持日常开支，一旦失去政府的补贴，就很难经营下去。

Yóuyú (second tone, rising) jiàgé (fourth tone, falling) dī, (first tone, high and level) xǔduō (third tone, dipping) shítáng (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) shōurù (first tone, high and level) zhǐnéng (third tone, dipping) miǎnqiǎng (third tone, dipping) wéichí (second tone, rising) rìcháng (fourth tone, falling) kāizhī, (first tone, high and level) yídàn (second tone, rising) shīqù (first tone, high and level) zhèngfǔ (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) bǔtiē, (third tone, dipping) jiù (fourth tone, falling) hěn (third tone, dipping) nán (second tone, rising) jīngyíng (first tone, high and level) xiàqù. (fourth tone, falling)

بسبب انخفاض الأسعار، لا يكاد دخل كثير من هذه المطاعم يغطّي نفقاتها اليومية، وإذا فقدت الدعم الحكومي صعب عليها الاستمرار.

此外，一些老人行动不便，没办法亲自到食堂吃饭，如何把饭菜送到他们家里，也是一个需要解决的问题。

Cǐwài, (third tone, dipping) yìxiē (fourth tone, falling) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) xíngdòng (second tone, rising) búbiàn, (second tone, rising) méi (second tone, rising) bànfǎ (fourth tone, falling) qīnzì (first tone, high and level) dào (fourth tone, falling) shítáng (second tone, rising) chīfàn, (first tone, high and level) rúhé (second tone, rising) bǎ (third tone, dipping) fàncài (fourth tone, falling) sòng (fourth tone, falling) dào (fourth tone, falling) tāmen (first tone, high and level) jiāli, (first tone, high and level) yě (third tone, dipping) shì (fourth tone, falling) yí (second tone, rising) ge (neutral tone) xūyào (first tone, high and level) jiějué (third tone, dipping) de (neutral tone) wèntí. (fourth tone, falling)

إضافة إلى ذلك، يصعب على بعض المسنّين التنقّل فلا يستطيعون المجيء إلى المطعم بأنفسهم، وإيصال الطعام إلى بيوتهم مشكلة أخرى تحتاج إلى حلّ.

对于这些问题，一些社区想出了办法：他们邀请附近的大学生和退休的老人做志愿者，每天中午把饭菜送到行动不便的老人家中；

Duìyú (fourth tone, falling) zhèxiē (fourth tone, falling) wèntí, (fourth tone, falling) yìxiē (fourth tone, falling) shèqū (fourth tone, falling) xiǎng (third tone, dipping) chū (first tone, high and level) le (neutral tone) bànfǎ: (fourth tone, falling) tāmen (first tone, high and level) yāoqǐng (first tone, high and level) fùjìn (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) dàxuéshēng (fourth tone, falling) hé (second tone, rising) tuìxiū (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) zuò (fourth tone, falling) zhìyuànzhě, (fourth tone, falling) měi (third tone, dipping) tiān (first tone, high and level) zhōngwǔ (first tone, high and level) bǎ (third tone, dipping) fàncài (fourth tone, falling) sòng (fourth tone, falling) dào (fourth tone, falling) xíngdòng (second tone, rising) búbiàn (second tone, rising) de (neutral tone) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) jiā (first tone, high and level) zhōng; (first tone, high and level)

وقد وجدت بعض الأحياء حلولًا لهذه المشكلات: فهي تدعو طلّاب الجامعات القريبة والمتقاعدين إلى التطوّع، فيوصلون الطعام كلّ ظهيرة إلى بيوت المسنّين الذين يصعب عليهم التنقّل؛

有的食堂则在晚上对社区里所有的人开放，用年轻人来吃饭带来的收入，补充给老人优惠所造成的损失。

Yǒude (third tone, dipping) shítáng (second tone, rising) zé (second tone, rising) zài (fourth tone, falling) wǎnshang (third tone, dipping) duì (fourth tone, falling) shèqū (fourth tone, falling) li (neutral tone) suǒyǒu (third tone, dipping) de (neutral tone) rén (second tone, rising) kāifàng, (first tone, high and level) yòng (fourth tone, falling) niánqīngrén (second tone, rising) lái (second tone, rising) chīfàn (first tone, high and level) dàilái (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) shōurù, (first tone, high and level) bǔchōng (third tone, dipping) gěi (third tone, dipping) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) yōuhuì (first tone, high and level) suǒ (third tone, dipping) zàochéng (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) sǔnshī. (third tone, dipping)

وبعض المطاعم تفتح أبوابها مساءً لجميع سكّان الحيّ، فيعوّض الدخل الذي يأتي به الشباب الخسارةَ الناتجة عن الخصومات الممنوحة للمسنّين.

专家认为，随着老人在社会中所占的比例越来越高，类似的服务会越来越重要。

Zhuānjiā (first tone, high and level) rènwéi, (fourth tone, falling) suízhe (second tone, rising) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) zài (fourth tone, falling) shèhuì (fourth tone, falling) zhōng (first tone, high and level) suǒ (third tone, dipping) zhàn (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) bǐlì (third tone, dipping) yuè (fourth tone, falling) lái (second tone, rising) yuè (fourth tone, falling) gāo, (first tone, high and level) lèisì (fourth tone, falling) de (neutral tone) fúwù (second tone, rising) huì (fourth tone, falling) yuè (fourth tone, falling) lái (second tone, rising) yuè (fourth tone, falling) zhòngyào. (fourth tone, falling)

يرى الخبراء أنّه مع ارتفاع نسبة كبار السنّ في المجتمع، ستزداد أهمّية مثل هذه الخدمات.

照顾老人不能只靠家庭，也需要整个社会共同承担。

Zhàogu (fourth tone, falling) lǎorén (third tone, dipping) bù (fourth tone, falling) néng (second tone, rising) zhǐ (third tone, dipping) kào (fourth tone, falling) jiātíng, (first tone, high and level) yě (third tone, dipping) xūyào (first tone, high and level) zhěnggè (third tone, dipping) shèhuì (fourth tone, falling) gòngtóng (fourth tone, falling) chéngdān. (second tone, rising)

رعاية كبار السنّ لا يمكن أن تقع على الأسرة وحدها، بل يجب أن يتحمّلها المجتمع كلّه معًا.

一碗热饭、一句问候，看起来是很小的事情，却能让老人们感到自己并没有被忘记。

Yì (fourth tone, falling) wǎn (third tone, dipping) rè (fourth tone, falling) fàn, (fourth tone, falling) yí (second tone, rising) jù (fourth tone, falling) wènhòu, (fourth tone, falling) kànqilai (fourth tone, falling) shì (fourth tone, falling) hěn (third tone, dipping) xiǎo (third tone, dipping) de (neutral tone) shìqing, (fourth tone, falling) què (fourth tone, falling) néng (second tone, rising) ràng (fourth tone, falling) lǎorénmen (third tone, dipping) gǎn (third tone, dipping) dào (fourth tone, falling) zìjǐ (fourth tone, falling) bìng (fourth tone, falling) méiyǒu (second tone, rising) bèi (fourth tone, falling) wàngjì. (fourth tone, falling)

صحن طعام ساخن وكلمة سؤال عن الحال، يبدوان أمرين صغيرين، لكنّهما يُشعران المسنّين بأنّهم لم يُنسَوا.