HSK Guide

了 le — 动态助词，用在动词后，表示动作完成

le (neutral tone)le5

动态助词，用在动词后，表示动作完成

HSK 1· HSK 1–4（旧版）一级· “三等九级”国际中文水平标准particle
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义项

  1. 动态助词，用在动词后，表示动作完成

    Placed directly after the verb, 了 says the action was carried through: 我买了三个苹果. It marks completion, not past time — 明天我吃了饭就去 is about tomorrow.

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  2. 语气助词，用在句末，表示情况变化

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    At the end of a sentence 了 announces that something has changed: 下雨了 "it’s started raining", 我十八岁了 "I’ve turned eighteen".

例句

  • 我买了三个苹果。我買了三個蘋果。Wǒ (third tone, dipping) mǎile (third tone, dipping) sān (first tone, high and level) ge (neutral tone) píngguǒ. (second tone, rising)···

    I bought three apples.

  • 下雨了，我们不去了。下雨了，我們不去了。Xià (fourth tone, falling) yǔ (third tone, dipping) le, (neutral tone) wǒmen (third tone, dipping) bú (second tone, rising) qù (fourth tone, falling) le. (neutral tone)···

    It’s raining — we’re not going after all.

常见错误

  • 不太对昨天我去了学校了。

    正确昨天我去了学校。

    One 了 is enough. The verb-final 了 already reports the completed action; adding a sentence-final 了 as well suggests a change of situation you did not mean.

  • 不太对我昨天很忙了。

    正确我昨天很忙。

    A past state does not take 了. Adjective + 了 means the state has just come about, which is why 我很忙了 sounds like "I’ve got busy now".

近义词