HSK Guide

Radical 160bitter, pungent; suffering, hardship

xīn (first tone, high and level)

bitter, pungent; suffering, hardship

Radical 1607 strokes0 characters

Where the shape comes from

A knife with a sharp, angled blade, once used to cut or brand the skin of criminals and slaves — the pain of the blade giving the word its sense of bitterness and hardship, and by taste, anything sharp, pungent, hot. It gives 辛苦, hardship, toil, literally bitter and laborious, and 辛辣, pungent, spicy, a flavour with the same edge as the old blade.

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